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States
Car insurance requirements and law in all 50 states and D.C.: minimum limits, fault rules, penalties and who regulates insurers.
Alabama Alabama requires 25/50/25 liability, uses at-fault rules with strict contributory negligence, and checks coverage through an online verification system. Alaska Alaska requires 50/100/25 liability, higher than most states, and pairs at-fault rules and pure comparative negligence with an off-road-system exemption. Arizona Arizona requires 25/50/15 liability (up from 15/30/10 in July 2020), uses at-fault rules and pure comparative negligence, and fines uninsured drivers $500+. Arkansas Arkansas requires 25/50/25 liability. Policies include PIP and uninsured motorist coverage unless you reject them in writing; fault follows a 50% bar. California California's minimum rose to 30/60/15 on January 1, 2025 and is set to reach 50/100/25 in 2035. It is an at-fault state with pure comparative negligence. Colorado Colorado requires 25/50/15 liability; $5,000 MedPay and UM/UIM come with every policy unless rejected in writing. At-fault state with a 50% fault bar. Connecticut Connecticut requires 25/50/25 liability plus uninsured/underinsured motorist coverage that matches your liability limits unless you choose less in writing. Delaware Delaware requires 25/50/10 liability plus $15,000/$30,000 of PIP. It keeps at-fault lawsuits (an add-on state) and fines uninsured drivers at least $1,500. District of Columbia D.C. requires 25/50/10 liability plus uninsured motorist coverage; a 2026 law raises minimums to 50/100/20 on October 1, 2027. Contributory negligence applies. Florida Florida is a no-fault state: most drivers need only $10,000 PIP and $10,000 property damage liability, with no bodily injury coverage. A 51% fault bar applies. Georgia Georgia requires 25/50/25 liability, includes uninsured motorist coverage unless you reject it, uses a 50% fault bar and enacted tort reform in 2025. Hawaii Hawaii doubled its minimum liability to 40/80/20 on January 1, 2026. It is a no-fault state requiring $10,000 of PIP, with a $5,000 threshold for suing. Idaho Idaho requires 25/50/15 liability, includes UM/UIM unless you reject it in writing, uses a 50% fault bar and has one of the lowest uninsured-driver rates. Illinois Illinois requires 25/50/20 liability plus 25/50 uninsured motorist coverage, uses a 51% fault bar and suspends uninsured drivers' licenses for 3 months. Indiana Indiana requires 25/50/25 liability, makes insurers offer UM/UIM, follows a 51% fault bar, and requires an SR22 after insurance-related suspensions. Iowa Iowa requires 20/40/15 liability, among the lowest minimums in the country. UM and UIM are included unless rejected in writing, and a 51% fault bar applies. Kansas Kansas is a no-fault state requiring 25/50/25 liability, PIP and 25/50 uninsured/underinsured motorist coverage. You can sue once medical costs reach $2,000. Kentucky Kentucky is a choice no-fault state requiring 25/50/25 liability and $10,000 PIP. You can keep full lawsuit rights by filing a written rejection. Louisiana Louisiana requires 15/30/25 liability. 2025 laws added a 51% fault bar from 2026 and bar uninsured drivers from the first $100,000 of damages. Maine Maine requires 50/100/25 liability, 50/100 uninsured motorist, $2,000 medical payments and $500 towing coverage. It is an at-fault state. Maryland Maryland requires 30/60/15 liability, matching uninsured motorist coverage and waivable $2,500 PIP. It is one of the last contributory negligence states. Massachusetts Massachusetts raised its minimums to 25/50/30 on July 1, 2025. It is a no-fault state that also requires $8,000 PIP and 25/50 uninsured motorist coverage. Michigan Michigan is no-fault. Since the 2019 reform you choose a PIP medical level, liability defaults to 250/500 (floor 50/100) and $1 million PPI is required. Minnesota Minnesota is a no-fault state requiring 30/60/10 liability, $40,000 PIP and 25/50 uninsured and underinsured motorist coverage. Mississippi Mississippi is an at-fault state requiring 25/50/25 liability. It has the highest estimated share of uninsured drivers in the country. Missouri Missouri is an at-fault state requiring 25/50/25 liability and 25/50 uninsured motorist coverage. Uninsured drivers lose most pain-and-suffering claims. Montana Montana is an at-fault state requiring 25/50/20 liability. Uninsured motorist coverage is included unless you reject it, and fines rise with each offense. Nebraska Nebraska is an at-fault state requiring 25/50/25 liability plus 25/50 uninsured and 25/50 underinsured motorist coverage. Nevada Nevada requires 25/50/20 liability and has no grace period: even a one-day lapse can bring registration suspension, fees and, after 90 days, an SR-22. New Hampshire New Hampshire does not require most drivers to buy car insurance, but you must be able to pay for crashes you cause, and any policy must meet 25/50/25. New Jersey New Jersey's standard policy minimum rose to 35/70/25 on January 1, 2026. Drivers choose a standard or basic policy and a right-to-sue option. New Mexico New Mexico is an at-fault state requiring 25/50/10 liability. About 1 in 4 drivers is uninsured, so uninsured motorist coverage matters here. New York New York is a no-fault state requiring 25/50/10 liability (50/100 for death), $50,000 of PIP and 25/50 uninsured motorist coverage. North Carolina North Carolina raised its minimums to 50/100/50 on July 1, 2025, with matching UM and UIM coverage. It is one of the few contributory negligence states. North Dakota North Dakota is a no-fault state. Drivers need 25/50/25 liability, $30,000 in no-fault (PIP) benefits and 25/50 uninsured and underinsured motorist coverage. Ohio Ohio is an at-fault state requiring 25/50/25 liability. Uninsured motorist coverage is optional, and driving uninsured means a license suspension and fees. Oklahoma Oklahoma is an at-fault state requiring 25/50/25 liability. Uninsured motorist coverage is included unless rejected in writing; police check coverage online. Oregon Oregon requires 25/50/20 liability, $15,000 in personal injury protection and uninsured/underinsured motorist coverage. Fault-based lawsuits are not limited. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania is a choice no-fault state requiring 15/30/5 liability and $5,000 in medical benefits. Your limited or full tort choice shapes your right to sue. Rhode Island Rhode Island is an at-fault state requiring 25/50/25 liability or a $75,000 single limit. UM coverage is included unless waived on a minimum policy. South Carolina South Carolina requires 25/50/25 liability and matching 25/50/25 uninsured motorist coverage. Its uninsured-vehicle fee option ended July 1, 2024. South Dakota South Dakota is an at-fault state requiring 25/50/25 liability plus uninsured and underinsured motorist coverage that matches your bodily injury limits. Tennessee Tennessee is an at-fault state requiring 25/50/25 liability. UM coverage is included unless rejected in writing, and injury suits have a one-year deadline. Texas Texas is an at-fault state requiring 30/60/25 liability. PIP and uninsured motorist coverage come with every policy unless you reject them in writing. Utah Utah is a no-fault state. Since January 1, 2025, policies need 30/65/25 liability (or a $90,000 combined limit) plus $3,000 in personal injury protection. Vermont Vermont is an at-fault state requiring 25/50/10 liability plus uninsured/underinsured motorist coverage of at least 50/100 and $10,000 for property damage. Virginia Virginia requires 50/100/25 liability and matching UM/UIM on policies effective since January 1, 2025. The $500 uninsured-driving fee ended July 1, 2024. Washington Washington is an at-fault state requiring 25/50/10 liability. Insurers must offer PIP and underinsured motorist coverage, which you can reject in writing. West Virginia West Virginia is an at-fault state requiring 25/50/25 liability and 25/50/25 uninsured motorist coverage. Driving uninsured means a license suspension. Wisconsin Wisconsin is an at-fault state requiring 25/50/10 liability and 25/50 uninsured motorist coverage, plus $1,000 of medical payments unless you reject it. Wyoming Wyoming is an at-fault state requiring 25/50/20 liability. Uninsured motorist coverage is included unless rejected, and driving uninsured can mean jail.