Glossary
First notice of loss
The first report to your insurer that a crash, theft or other loss has happened, which opens the claim and starts the clock on handling it.
Also called: FNOL, loss report, reporting a claim
First notice of loss (FNOL) is the insurance industry's term for the initial report of a claim. It can come from you, another driver, a passenger, a repair shop or an agent, by phone, app, website or in person. The insurer records the basics, such as the date, time and place, the vehicles and people involved, any injuries, the police report number and a description of what happened, then assigns a claim number and usually an claims adjuster.
Your policy requires you to report losses promptly, and some coverages have firm deadlines. Uninsured motorist claims after a hit and run, for example, can require a police report within a short time; in California, an injury claim involving an unknown driver needs a police report within 24 hours and a sworn statement to your insurer within 30 days. Late notice can give the insurer grounds to limit or deny coverage if the delay hurt its investigation.
Report an accident quickly even if you were not at fault or are unsure whether you will claim. Under an NAIC model regulation followed in many states, insurers must acknowledge a claim within 15 days. Have your policy number, photos, the other driver's information and any police report number ready, and note the claim number and the adjuster's contact details.
Last reviewed October 4, 2026